Slavery free essay sample

In a recent study, Nun (2008) examines the long-term impacts of Africans slave trade. He finds that the slave trade, which occurred over a period of more than 400 years, had a significant negative effect on long-term economic development. Although the paper arguably identifies a negative causal relationship between the slave trade and income today, the analysis is unable to pin down the exact causal mechanisms underlying the reduced form relationship documented in the paper. In this paper, we examine one of the channels through which the slave trade may affect economic development today. Ins fine-grained individual-level survey data, we test whether the slave trade caused a culture of mistrust to develop within Africa. Early in the slave trade, slaves were primarily captured through State organized raids and warfare. By the end of the trade, because of the environment of ubiquitous insecurity that had developed, individuals even friends and family members began to turn on one another, kidnapping, tricking, and selling each other into slavery (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page G. , Koehler, 1854, Hair, 1965, Pit, 1996).We hypothesize that in this environment, where everyone had to constantly be on guard against Ewing sold or tricked into slavery by those around them, a culture of mistrust may have evolved, and that this mistrust may continue to persist today. Our hypothesis builds on the well-established result from cultural anthropology that in environments where information acquisition is either costly or imperfect, the use of heuristic decision making strategies or rules- of-thumb can be an optimal strategy (Boyd and Richardson, 1 985, 1995).These general rules or beliefs about what the right action is in different situations saves the individual from the costs of information acquisition. Of course, these norms or rules-of-thumb do not develop in a vacuum, but evolve according to which norms yield the highest payoff. Our view is that in areas more exposed to the slave trade, rules-of-thumb or beliefs based on the mistrust of others would have been more beneficial relative to norms of trust and therefore would have become more prevalent over time.In other words, our hypothesis is that the slave trade would have engendered a culture of mistrust. Because these beliefs and norms persist, particularly in environments where they remain optimal, the relationship between these arms and a history of the slave trade may still exist in the data today almost 1 00 years after the slave trade has ended. Alternatively, the culture of mistrust that was a consequence of the slave trade may be an outcome that is stable. In other words, the slave trade may have caused a permanent change in the level 1 of mistrust in the society.Recent contributions, like Tableland (2008) and Guise, Sap ience, and Singles (coco), provide models that show how this can occur. To test our hypothesis, we use data from the 2005 round of the Barometers survey and examine whether individuals belonging to an ethnic group that was heavily targeted in the past are less trusting of others today. Because of the richness of the Barometers survey, we are able to test for the effect of the slave trade on the amount of trust that each respondent places in different individuals.Specifically, we examine the effects of the slave trade on individuals trust in (I) their relatives, (ii) their neighbors, and (iii) their local government council. We find that individuals, belonging to ethnicities that were exposed to the slave trades, today exhibit lower levels of rust in their relatives, neighbors, and their local government. This finding is consistent with the historical fact that by the end of the slave trade, it had become very common for individuals to be sold into slavery by neighbors, friends, and family members.An alternative explanation for our finding is that more s laves were supplied by ethnic groups that initially had lower levels of trust of those around them, and that these lower levels of trust continue to persist today. We pursue a number of strategies to identify the direction of causality in our OILS estimates. One strategy we pursue is to use the historic distance from the coast Of an ethnic group as an instrument for the number Of slaves taken from that ethnic group. There is ample historical evidence suggesting that the instrument is relevant, but it is far less clear that it satisfies the necessary exclusion restriction.The most likely reason why the exclusion restriction may fail is that the historic distance from the coast of an individuals ancestors is correlated with the current distance from the coast of the respondent, and his in turn is negatively correlated with income (Rapport and Cash, 2003), which is positively correlated with trust (Lasing and La Ferreira, 2002). 1 For this reason, in our IV estimates, where we use the historic distance from the coast of a respondents ancestors as an instrument, we also control for the respondents current distance from the coast.The IV estimation produces estimates very similar to the OILS estimates. They provide evidence that the slave tra de caused the descendants of those targeted by the trade to be less trusting today. As is generally the case with instruments, it is possible that despite our second stage controls, our instrument still does not satisfy the necessary exclusion restriction. For this reason, we also perform a number of falsification exercises to assess the validity of our identification strategy.We 1 Note that this actually results in IV estimates that are biased towards zero. 2 examine the reduced form relationship between distance from the coast and trust within Africa and in two samples outside of Africa using data from Theodore Values Surveys and the Spectrometer. Within Africa, we find a throng positive relationship between distance from the coast and trust. This is expected given our IV estimates. Places further from the coast had less slaves taken in the past, and therefore exhibit higher levels of trust today.Our IV strategy relies on the assumption that the distance from the coast only affects trust through the slave trade. Therefore, if our exclusion restriction is satisfied, then when we examine the reduced form relationship between distance from the coast and trust outside of Africa where there was no slave trade, we expect to see no relationship. This is exactly what we find, In our samples outside of Africa, we estimate a statistically insignificant relationship between distance from the coast and trust.We also perform a similar exercise looking within Africa. We find that within the regions of Africa that were not exposed to the slave trade, no relationship exists between an individuals distance from the coast and trust today. We also find that the relationship increases the more exposed a region was to the slave trade. After establishing that the slave trade had an adverse effect on trust, we then urn to the task of distinguishing between the two most likely channels through which this could have occurred.One channel, which is the focus of our paper, is that the slave trade altered the cultural norms of the ethnic groups exposed to the trade, making them inherently less trusting. However, there is also a second channel, which a priori is as plausible and as important. The slave trade resulted in a longer deterioration of legal and political institutions, and such weak institutions enable citizens to cheat others more easily and, for this reason, individuals are less trusting of those around them.We undertake two exercises that attempt to identify the relative importance of these two channels. First, we look more closely at the determinants of respondents trust in their local government. We examine how the estimated effect of the slave trade changes when we control for a number of measures of individuals perceptions about the quality of their local government. By doing this, we attempt to control for differences in the external environment of each respondent and more closely isolate the beliefs and values internal to the individual.

A Sample of Essay on Collaborative Software

A Sample of Essay on Collaborative SoftwareIf you've been struggling to come up with a creative idea for your creative writing assignment or you're the kind of person who is quite comfortable typing a lot of words and coming up with some really great ideas but doesn't want to write, you may need to check out a sample of the essay on collaborative software. This type of writing assignment is basically used for students who are trying to get their stories published as well as to improve their writing skills. If you find that you're struggling to come up with a great idea, take a look at this sample of the essay.Do you find it difficult to come up with great ideas for essays? If so, maybe it's time to take a look at a sample of the essay on collaborative software. This software has a team of editors who work together and help writers think of some great ideas for essay topics. The team includes a moderator who can provide guidance and critiques for each and every piece of material.A gre at way to take advantage of this software is to check out a sample of the essay on collaborative software and see if this is the approach that you'd like to take. You may also want to visit the website of the individual writing assignment editor in order to get a good feel for the editor's work and see if they would be willing to work with you on a project.One thing to keep in mind when choosing a freelance writer for your collaborative writing assignment is that most editors will not accept any writing that does not meet certain standards. If you aren't sure what those standards are, you may want to contact a freelance writer before beginning the collaborative writing assignment. Some writers may want to give you more detailed guidelines about what the writing assignment will entail and the expectations they have for their writers, especially when it comes to editing.Try to ensure that you keep a good relationship with the editor you select. It's not a bad idea to ask the editor if they would be willing to get together and chat. Check in with the editor often and try to make sure that you follow up on them frequently. You want to make sure that your editor will be helpful and will continue to work with you on your collaborative writing assignment.Make sure that you get together with your writer, send them an initial draft, and ask for feedback. Give them a detailed outline that you plan to follow and ask for a detailed outline. Tell them how you plan to handle the collaboration and if you have anything specific that you want to include in your collaborative writing assignment.If you don't like the collaborative writing assignment you were assigned, make sure that you let the editor know that you don't want to work with them. At that point, you should move on to someone else.

How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal Essay Example

How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal Essay Example How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal Paper How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal Paper they might think. If the novel were set in a far away area, like Dracula is, the reader would feel safe and calm. Being in London the reader feels in danger and cautious. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was first published in 1886, a time at when people were judged by their looks. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde there is constant reference to the way Hyde looks, and every description talk of how awful and strange he looks. For example on pg 15, there is description of Hydes appearance according to Mr Enfield. The description is fairly long, but it uses words like something wrong with his appearance displeasing deformed downright detestable In other descriptions words like this or of that nature are used to describe Hydes looks, and it is repeated often. Due to the repeats, it is engraved in the readers brains, and so they remember how he looks whenever they read his name and therefore it makes the descriptions seem more realistic. Throughout the novel, Stevenson just adds little bits of realism into the descriptions of objects. For example, at the start of The last Night chapter, Poole wipes himself with a red handkerchief. Why do we need to know its red? Thats irrelevant, you might think. But knowing the colour of it gives us a sense of knowledge of what is happening and makes the novel more realistic. Also, red is associated with blood. It is little things like that, and other bigger uses of realism, that allow Stevenson to negotiate the jump between mystery and paranormal.

The mission of Arabian Gulf cooperation council Essay

The mission of Arabian Gulf cooperation council - Essay Example In the modern world, there has been a lean on formation of trade blocks. Many countries in the world have come together to form trading blocks which acts as a platform for negotiation on matters concerning trade.In Europe there it the EU,in America there is NAFTA,in Latin America there is the MERCOSUR,and in the Middle East there is the AGCC.The Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council is the economic and political forum that coordinates policy making for at least six member states including the states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Individual countries have found it difficult to air their voices in the world on matters concerning trade and trade blocks have been found to be more influential in making trade agreements.This council was crated in May 19981 with an objective of coordinating, integrating and interconnecting the member states to work together in all fields. It was also formed with an intention of strengthening the ties between the memb er states and their people, formulating and regulating rules and regulating in economic fields. In this mandate the council was formed with an aim of putting in place regulation on economy, finance, trade, customs, tourism, legislation, administration, research and development, mining, agriculture, water and animal resources, and coordinating scientific research centers with the input of the private sector. The council does not impose trade policies upon its member states but each state put in place its own trade laws. Of recent past there is growing need for the member states to cooperate with each other on matters concerning customs duties, intellectual property, and setting of standards and coordination of intra states investments. Under the guidance of the AGCC, member states have implemented a customs union since 2003 which seeks to unify tariffs among the member states. This means at the member states have adopted some common customs laws and procedures in the trade. It also s hows that the member states have adopted a single point of entry in the region fro all international trade. It also seeks to move toward treatment of goods as national origin for member states within the GCC. This means that they would have same origin as a member block rather than indicating the origin of goods to be a particular country. After arriving at an agreement for a common market, the council is now moving towards establishing a monetary union. The country is expected to come up with a monetary union by 2010. In coming up with a common monetary union, the council expects that the economy of the region will improve and at the same time there will be increased trade with the outside world. The council has been representing the member state making trade agreements with other trade block in the world like the EU and others. It has been negotiating for free and fair trade agreements with other trade block. In particular, the council has been negotiating with the EU on harmonizing the trade between the two states with the understanding that Gulf region is home to more than 38% of the world crude reserves. (EU External Relations, 2007) The proposed work by the council One of the most important works that has been accomplished by the council is setting up of a common market. The common was launched on January 2008 and is expected to increase the trade among the countries by 25 percent by 2010 from the current 10 percent for all the foreign trade. With a combined economy of more than 700 billion US dollars, this market is expected to attract other international traders into the region. One of the proposed works by the council is the achievement of a common currency by 2010. This is expected to stir trade in the region and bring about equality among the market members. The common market aims at achieving not only free movement of goods in the region but also movement of labor and capital. Free movement of labor will even involve the right for individuals to work in

Greek Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greek Law - Essay Example However the parliament of Greece is rather sophisticated. The legislative branch consists of the Parliament (Vouli/Koinovoulio) and the President of the Republic (Proedros tis Dimokratias). There is only one parliament, thus Greece has a unicameral system of legislature. The main legislative function is assigned to the Parliament, which is bound to exercise its powers within the limits of the Constitution, and those set by International Conventions ratified by Greece. The Parliament votes for a Bill (Nomosxedio) to become a Law (Nomos) in three voting sessions: firstly in principle, then per article and then as a whole. Once the bill is passed, it is sent to the President of the Democracy to promulgate and publish it in the National Gazette (Efimerida tis Kyberniseos). Thus Greek Law Number 3037, was obviously well thought out. The law is applied to visitors to the country as well in an attempt to prevent illegal gambling. According to a report in the Greek newspaper Kathimerini, Gre ek police will be responsible for catching offenders, who will face fines of 5,000 to 75,000 euros (about $4,980 to $74,650) and imprisonment of one to 12 months. "The blanket ban was decided in February after the government admitted it was incapable of distinguishing innocuous video games from illegal gambling machines," the report said. Citizens are protesting the new law stating that it is not fair.

Smoking Should Be Completely Prohibited From College Campuses Essay Example for Free

Smoking Should Be Completely Prohibited From College Campuses Essay This paper focuses on why smoking should be completely prohibited from college campuses. It explores the effects of smoking and tries to give the rationale for prohibiting it. It also explores the views of those who support smoking. This topic has attracted a number of heated debates and a consensus has not yet been reached on whether or not smoking should be prohibited in college. The diversity of opinion can almost be equated with the number of people who comment on the topic. Even those who agree that it should be banned; their reasons are so varied. Ayn Rand argues that smoking cigarettes signifies the power human beings have over nature1. Others feel smoking is morally wrong and the government ought to prohibit it. For some, smoking would be wrong and self-destructive, for other it would not be the case. Actually, a moderate degree of smoking is morally unobjectionable. Here, morality comes in and this makes the argument against smoking a subjective one. What is morally acceptable to one individual may be objectionable to another. A focus on the moral persuasions of the majority reflects that they see no big deal in tobacco smoking itself but have a problem with smoking in college. Majorities also agree that smoking, for instance of bhang and cocaine should be prohibited be it in college or in the wider society: this is because of the moral difference between smoking tobacco and the rest. However, it is not obvious for one to find a moral justification in this and we can only question the moral leanings of the majority. Some argue that in the ethics if virtue, there is the moral imperative to care for one’s health one should use his mind. They should ask themselves if smoking is justice/injustice to self? But then, a number of issues may trigger neglect of personal health, inter alia; sports, and career. Such things may subject their health and lives in serious risk. Is this morally right? Is smoking one such risk? What is the ultimate goal of smoking? For pleasure? If yes, is pleasure the highest good there is? Yet it is not uncommon for people to take reasonably serious risks to celebrate life, for instance, to attend sport, or a wedding an accident is possible. Human beings would have to live morally disputable lives if we were to consider all risks taking to be morally objectionable. We will agree that we are responsible to live well. Man is a rational creature and should be able to make his own decision. â€Å"Human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance†2 John Locke argued. One can argue that if one wants to smoke, he should go a head but remember that he will bear the consequences dearly. Rigid rules to prohibit man from doing this and that do not allow him to live best. Spontaneous regulation and restraint would make him live better. Our conduct should always and pari passu be monitored and supervised by reason. Some people consider it essential to encourage independent decision making on the part of their, say adolescent children, who then decide to smoke, this could be seen as no less morally justifiable than encouraging them to play ice hockey for enjoyment. But are such parents doing a morally acceptable thing? Lets consider the effects of two substances (smoking).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smoking tobacco has both short-term and long-term effects. The nicotine in tobacco causes a short-term heart rate, blood pressure and possibly increases in the flow of blood from the heart. It has the devastating effects of making the arteries narrow. The oxygen-holding capacity of the blood is undermined by carbon monoxide. â€Å"We think smoking is widespread and too little has been told about its danger.3† It is documented that smoking tobacco can cause coronary heart diseases, cancer of the lungs, esophagus, bladder, mouth, cervix, kidney among others. Research findings reveal that there are more than 40 chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer in both animals and humans. It is argued that smoking tobacco does increase the likelihood of almost every other pregnancy-related health risk to both mother and child, and is the single most preventable causes of illness and death among mothers and infants in the developed world.4Then, why accept to be haunted by a problem that we could easily fling into the dustbins of forgetfulness? Are we morally justified in legalizing something that is fatal to ourselves? We have lost or deformed loved ones because of this very monster! Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) adversely affects nonsmokers â€Å" each year, exposure to ETS causes as estimated 3,000 non-smoking American to die of long cancer and causes up to 300,000 children to suffer from lower-respiratory-tract infections† says American heart association (AHA) centers of disease control and prevention. Smoking of tobacco may cause accidental fires in school residential halls usually linked with careless smoking of tobacco treated with chemicals to allow it to smolder indefinitely. This list of the downsides of tobacco smoking is reminiscent of the real harm that tobacco slaps on its users. With all these downsides, the authorities should not turn a deaf eye on those who bemoan its smoking. Others argue that smoking (tobacco) has some beneficial effects, which can be identified especially on certain medical grounds and are thought to emanate from the biological effects of nicotine5. For instance, because most patient with Alzheimer’s diseases are likely not to have smoked, this is interpreted to mean that smoking protects against the disease6. But research hasn’t proved anything so far so specialists are at odds with such a conclusion. They term it erroneous as some studies show the reverse. Research findings depict that tobacco smokers are only half as likely as non-smokers has a protective effects of current smoking increases the risk of Crohn’s diseases, a form of inflammatory bowel diseases7. Some preliminary data from 1996 suggested that reduced incidence of uterine fibroids but overall the evidence is unconvincing. One would argue that if it were true that tobacco prevents some diseases, we have no rights in preventing anyone from smoking it as it would be no difference between this and preventing one from using any other preventive medicine. Cocaine has both short-term and long-term effects. Short-term effects include dilated pupils, increased heart rate, blood pressure, irritability and constricted peripheral blood vessels. Cocaine has an immediate euphoric effect, which affect energy and mental clarity. Cocaine’s effects are short-lived and once the drug leaves the brain, the user experiences a ‘coke crash’ that includes irritability and depression. Cocaine too has long-term effects. It is believed that high doses and/or prolonged use can trigger paranoia-it can produce particularly aggressive paranoid behavior in users. Prolonged snorting can result in ulceration of the mucous membrane of the nose.8 It is documented that smoking has been associated with suicidal tendencies. College students who are daily smokers are more than five times more likely to have either seriously thought about or attempted suicide than non-smokers (Halperin and Eytan). Mental health disorders have been strongly associated with smoking, especially among adolescents and young adults. College students who smoke are more likely to participate in the risky behaviors that pose some of the greatest health threats to18-24 year olds. Smokers have lower grade point averages (GPA) than nonsmokers. The Harvard College Alcohol Study found that smokers are 27.0% less likely than nonsmokers to have an above B grade average (Rigotti, 2000). Lower individual performance among students results in lower academic overall standings for colleges. Of the 15 million college students in the United States today, it is estimated that 1.7 million will die of smoking-related illnesses, most prematurely (Halperin, 2002). That amounts to over 10.0% of current college students. Smoking is addictive therefore denying students sober time to learn; may also cause conflict in college as students become unruly and may lead to larceny and arson in colleges. Then, Allowing smoking in college would adversely affect learning as it undermine the college administration’s effort to provide both security and learning environment that is conducive to the students. Why permit smoking while studies evidence that 20% of all US deaths are due to smoking. From such statistics, one can conclude that the number of the deaths, which were caused, can easily be compared to casualties of genocide or a war 9. Therefore if we permit smoking, we have no reason in not accepting genocide.   However, the government may not want to control everything man does especially if it does not put at risk any one’ safety. If one wants to eat a monkey or live like one he should go ahead and do it. One person is quoted saying: Protecting me from myself is not the governments job. Protecting me from others is, however, the governments job.10 From the overview of the effects of both tobacco and cocaine, their devastating effects compel anyone to challenge both the legality and morality of accepting smoking. Well it’s almost universally agreed that life-preserving acts are superior to life destroying ones but mankind has failed to agree on smoking as a life-destroying act. Again, one would successfully argue that smoking of bhang and cocaine makes people to rape, kills, and steals despite the fact that those things are illegal. If the government goes ahead and legalize, inter alia, cocaine, bhang it would not make any difference in not legalizing those behaviors in college. Tobacco may not drive one into these but instead it has more risk on one’s health. Permitting tobacco again is no different from allowing suicide for it is a means of killing one-self. Whoever permits smoking is at least morally guilty of causing it ailment and effects? For sure, J.Rousseau was right when he said, â€Å"man is inherently good but become corrupted by the evils of the society†. Work cited Rand A, Atlas Shrugged (New York: Random House, 1957 p61 Locke, J. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. Roger Woolhouse.   New York: Penguin Books (1997), 307 Schwartz, S.M Marshall, L.M, Baird, D.D Epidemiologic Contribution   To Understanding An Etiology Of Uterine. Leiomyota. Eviron Health Perspective 2000,Oct’ 108 Sopp15: 821-7 P.M 11035989. 4.Maternal and infant health smoking during pregnancy. (www.drugfree.org/partal/drug-guide/tobaccohtml) Accessed online on 29th Nov.2007.12: 45: 35 GMT Barron JA, Benefits Effects Of Nicotine And Cigarette Smoking: The Real, The Possible And The Spurious. Br Med Bill, 1996 Jan 52(1): 58-72 PMID 6..Almeida, O.P, Hulse, G.K., Lawrence. And Flicke, L Smoking As A Risk Factor   For Alzheimer’s Diseases, Contrasting Evidence From A Systematic Review Of Case Control And Cohort Studies: Addiction 97: 15.   2002 Mahid, S.S. Et Al. Smoking And Inflammation Bowed Diseases: A Meta-Analysis. Mayo Clin proc. 2006. Nov 81 (11): 1462-71 PMID 17120402 8.National institute on drug abuse.   www.drugfree.org/portal/drug-guide/cocaine. Corbett, B. Contemporary moral problems, 2001   www.webster.educarbetre/philosopy/moral/contemp/smokinghtml Accessed online on 27 Nov 2007 at 16:23:45.GMT Legalize Pot (Canada only) http://forum.quoteland.com/75095 as retrieved on 31 Oct 2007 05:58:57 GMT. 11. Rigotti, (2000) and Halperin and Eytan,(2002) were gotten from http://www.ttac.org/college/facts/top/negative.effects/html

Love Is Timeless :: essays research papers fc

Love can be described as having genuine affection towards someone. Whether it be a family member or your soulmate, love comes in many shapes and forms. Love is also defined as timeless and infinite. In the poem â€Å"A Red, Red Rose† by Robert Burns, there is many connotations about love. Throughout the poem the speaker symbolizes his love for someone. He uses various metaphors to get his point across about how he feels about this particular person. However, what makes this poem differ from other common love poems is that it emphasizes how the author leaves but will still always love the other person thus making love endless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Burns was born in Scotland, January 25th, 1759. He was the son of William Burnes, or Burness, at the time on the banks of the Doon in Ayrshire. He married Jean Armour whose father did not approve of their marriage. They moved all over England and finally ended up in Dumfries where he died at thirty-eight. Historians believe that the poem ‘A Red, Red Rose’ emerged from the difficulties Jeam Armour’s father had of their marriage. Regardless of her father’s disapproval, he wed her and created an ageless poem of his love towards her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœA Red, Red Rose’ uses various similes and metaphors to describe love. Love is conveyed through a rose. The color â€Å"red† is also a symbol of passion and love. In lines 3 and 4 Burns is compelled again to write another metaphor about his love. This time he compares her to a melody from a song. This is, however, a temporary beauty since a melody eventually ends. In the second stanza he believes that his love will last forever. The line â€Å"tell a’ the seas gang dry† (Burns 1401) does not put a limit of time in his love. The probability that this would happen is next to impossible making his love continuous. Lines 9 through 11 also convey the same message as lines 5 through 8.His love will last until â€Å"the rocks melt wi’ the sun† (Burns 1401) Burns emphasizes again the fact that his love will never end. This reiteration tells readers that he truly loves this person and that he will not stop loving this person until the end of time. The final stanza has multiple meanings. He could mean that their love is separated above or beyond the sands of time.