The Importance of Being A Good Learner Essay - 1452 Words

A good learner needs to have some sort of creativity sense, problem-solving methods, be able to learn new things and manage themselves all throughout life. Education should be intended to amplify the abilities of skillful individuals with leadership qualities and are committed to taking a stand in social issues in the world today. A well-educated individual does not just seek to work a dream job and be able to live a nice life but instead should always commit to doing hard work, dedicating oneself to duty and always strive for excellence all throughout life. A good learner has key qualities such as: being able to listen and hear, understanding and reading, being able to communicate with anyone, solve different problems, have†¦show more content†¦An opinion is any view or judgment made about a matter that, most of the time, does not have factual or knowledgeable support. John Stuart Mill is well known for his English philosophies during the nineteenth-century. He was als o an economist and formed political and moral theories. Mill precisely emphasizes in his work â€Å"On the Liberty of Thought and Discussion†, that a majority’s opinion is not always guaranteed to be legitimate. Any fallacies of opinions are shown by referring to events that happened in the past. The opinions of today are more of a priority than the opinions of the past however the guarantee that cycle will continue in the future is not definite, meaning that the provisional opinions in the future may not be as important as today’s majority. People can only make educated and intelligent opinions based on their knowledge of the world so far and should not stress their opinions on an entire civilization excepting that they are absolute of their truth. According to Mill, making wise choices requires experience and use of discussion. People need to keep an open mind to all views and seek for any opposition. An opinion must be stated for debate or it will be c onsidered â€Å"dead dogma† which is â€Å"not a living truth†. Mill brings to attention that even in Christianity it is important to hear all sides to a controversy. When an individual argues against common laws set in their society, the individual should not be considered evil.Show MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of An Autonomous Learner835 Words   |  4 Pagesdetail explaining and emphasizing the importance of the characteristics of an autonomous learner. An autonomous learner is described as â€Å"a person independently competent in a wide variety of academic tasks, able to actively achieve goals based on values, and skilled in self-reflection† (Sellers, Dochen, and Hodges). The 7 critical attributes of an autonomous learner are essential for me to have in order to achieve the academic success I strive for. Autonomous learners are described as having a realisticRead Moreunti 301- understanding roles, responsibilities and relationships in education training136 7 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher’s responsibility to ensure that the Students feel that they can express themselves and self realise their true potential. The single most important attribute of a good teacher is that they are approachable in all aspects of the training. You are responsible for the guiding, developing and the overall safeguarding of the learner. As ‘thee’ mentor flexibility and diversity are useful and key tools in your approach to the academic environment. Although the roles and responsibilities in educationRead MoreWhen Thinking About The Brain Do You Think That Are Capable Of Changing The Structure Of It?905 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation as well as if your stress free. Many people have different stresses and to avoid that it is best to help assure the learner that they have the control of things and that you re guiding them along. Clear communication will help decrease stress by avoiding confusion. Playing soft music that won’t b ecome distracting can be helpful if you use music without lyrics so the learner isn t focusing on the music and not the exercise they’re trying to complete. Doing little things to help avoid stress willRead MoreJustification of a Scheme of Work Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesJustification of Scheme of Work A scheme of work is the overall programme of study. It may last for example, one week, ten weeks, or two years. It is merely a breakdown of the whole programme into smaller chunks based on your frequency of your meetings with learners. (Wilson Practical Teaching 2008 p68) The selection and sequencing of topics reflect on the 6218 curriculum set by the awarding body, the curriculum is a Basic Construction Skills course built around various practical tasks for which there are unitRead MoreTaqa Unit 301 Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment Initial assessment in identifying learner needs Initial assessment is the starting point of a learning journey. The information gathered provides a base on which to plan your learner’s progress. Initial assessment is very important so you find out the learners individual needs in order for you to support them appropriately. Formative assessment in tracking learner progress The purpose of the formative assessment is to monitor and guide the learner through a process while it is still inRead MoreThe Importance of Teaching Education1614 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: The Importance of Teaching Education The Importance of Teaching Education Foundations of Theory and Practice in Master’s Studies Abstract The Importance of Teaching Education should be a part of everyones life. A good education offers something for everyone, whether it is on the simple level or a more complex one. Education should provide an opportunity for students to develop a strong sense of creativity, a high self esteem, and a lifelong respect for learning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teachers areRead MoreNarrative Argument About Education And Education986 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge and skills. Good and education comes in different ways and forms. For the person to be well educated he must study basic academic courses including reading, writing, arithmetic, science and social studies. This will help the person to obtain strong foundation in all aspects. Also the educator should provide the learner with alternative information because education does not lie only within textbooks but should also touch on everyday life of the learner hence learner becomes all round andRead MoreWhat Are the Role and Responsibilities of Teacher? Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagespractice relating to own role and responsibilities. Being a teacher always we have to protect ourselves and the best way to protect follows the code of the rules and practices it. As a teacher automatically it will make me an example to my students. So I should not abuse or discriminate them by verbally or physically, even though I should not dress inappropriately maintain time management avoid me from the mess. If anyone wants to be a good and professional teacher, he or she has to follow theRead MoreTeaching English As A Second Language Instruction1302 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to understand and approaches to teaching english as a second language or a second language in general. His research and theory strongly believes in students interest and that the the acquisition of a language is through an unconscious where the learner does not realize they are developing language knowledge (Krashen, 1982). Reflecting on a slightly different theory is the second language instruction by Cummins. Cummins theory is based around two proficiencies, basic interpersonal communicative skillsRead MoreContinuing Academic Success1112 Words   |  5 PagesSuccess is extremely important to those who plan to make advancements in their chosen career fields. It provides the opportunity to keep current with ideas, techniques, and advancements that are being made in their area of employment. We will address the imp ortance of setting achievable goals, the importance of learning styles in academic success and the validity of ethics and academic integrity in helping to achieve continuing academic and professional success. Setting Goals Distinct, clearly defined

Case Study S Formation History Essay - 1393 Words

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND 1.1.1 SNAPDEAL’S FORMATION HISTORY The company website www.snapdeal.com (2015) indicates that Snapdeal was founded by Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal on 4th February 2010 as a daily deals platform. It was later expanded to become an online marketplace in September 2011. Snapdeal is a private company that has grown to become one of the largest online market platforms in India. Headquartered in Okhla New Delhi, the company offers an assortment of 10 million products across diverse categories from over 80,000 sellers shipping to over 5000 cities in India. 1.1.2 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE In 2012-13, Snapdeal announced that it had expected revenues of approximately 600 crore equivalent to US$91 million. The Times of India (2013) reports that at the time, with full of optimism, the company CEO Kuna Bahl announced that 15-20 % of the sales at Snapdeal emanated from m-commerce. He added that snapdeal.com expected its sales of different products on its platform to be over 2000 crore which was equivalent to US$300 million in the fiscal year 2013-2014 aided by its rapid growth in the past 2 years and the growing e-commerce popularity in India. The Times of India (2013) further indicates that in June 2014, Snapdeal reported that it had successfully achieved its milestone of 1000 sellers on the company’s platform by getting sales of over Rs 1 crore. 1. Funding Alexa (2012) discusses Snapdeal’s recent funding as follows: In round one which was in January 2011,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of The Vocal Fold Polyps998 Words   |  4 Pagescorrectable. They are confined to the superficial lamina propria (SLP) of the vocal folds . Nowadays , phonomicrosurgery is the most common treatment of vocal fold polyps , and became a new standard of care to remove pathology in these cases without scar formation . The term phonomicrosurgery was introduced in 1994 , the principle of which lies in maximal preservation of the layered microstructure of the vocal folds , that is the epithelium and superficial lamina propria (SLP) . PhysiciansRead MoreThe Black Of Black Studies Movement1445 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Studies Movement was an incredible time in history for student advocacy. There are many different proposed timelines, but essentially the Black Studies Movement happened in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. The movement is often swallowed in discussions of other movements at the time, notably the end of the Civil Rights Movement and beginning of the Black Power Movement. It is also addressed somewhat in discussions of late 1960’s and early 1970’s college campus activism. The Black Studies movementRead MoreThe Between Eastern And Western Europe1191 Words   |  5 PagesA Divided Continent The European continent is an interesting case study of the divided between Eastern and Western Europe. The divided is an older issue rooted in historical events in modern European history. History allows understanding of what drives the divided in Europe into the contemporary times. Eastern Europe has specific regional issues that divide it from Western Europe. The most important are the weak governments and economics. The lack of strength in government allowed for the rise ofRead MoreThe Role Of Choral Music And How Communication Occurs Within The Choral Setting1515 Words   |  7 PagesWhile the history of choral assembly quite a broad field, this should show the variety between ancient choral music and that of the common era. With this understanding in mind, therefore, one can enter the discussion of communication with amenable thought. Communication To begin with, it is important for one to understand how choral assembly can be related to communication, and how communication occurs in the choral setting. There are three major varying ways this happens: choir to the audienceRead MoreThe Shanghai Girl ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½ Is The Chinese American Writer1401 Words   |  6 Pagesoften interpreted as describing her emotions. About her life in China and the United States, with plenty of space describes the life of Chinese immigrants and her mentality, and appearing the homesick theme of the novel. This article focus on China s Shanghai, Angel Island in United States and Los Angeles, those three places for basic point. And show the protagonist pearl and May as the representative of Chinese immigrants, they were forced to flee from China, then to the full of hopeful and expectationRead MoreCoronary Artery Disease ( Chd )871 Words   |  4 Pagescomplete blockage of major heart vessels. As a result, the decreased blood flow cause ches t pain and shortness of breath. In some cases, a complete blockage occur and can lead to a heart attack (myocardial infarction). Usually, CHD develops slowly and patient might have no symptoms until the complete blockage of coronary arteries and heart attack occur. As happened in Mrs. S case, she was unaware of extent of her coronary arteries damage. After having a cholecystectomy, she developed cardiac complicationsRead MoreEssay on Case Study 8 DVT - Winningham858 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Case Study 8 1. List 6 risk factors for DVT. Inheriting a blood clot disorder Prolonged bed rest, such as long hospital stay Injury or surgery Pregnancy Birth control pills or hormone replacement Being overweight or obese 2. Identify at least 5 problems from L.J.’s history that represent his personal risk factors. Smoking history Personal history of DVT Prolonged bed rest Age of above 60 years old Sitting for long period of times (Bus Driving) 3. Something is missing from the scenario. Based onRead MoreThe Effect Of Magnetic Permeability On The Magnetic Field1571 Words   |  7 Pagesvariability in magnetic amplitudes than low-susceptibility counterparts (Ford et al. 2008; Anderson et al. 2013; Table 2).The remanent component is a function of the magnetic, mechanical, and thermal history of a rock and is not affected by the inducing magnetic field in which it is measured. In most cases, the induced component of the magnetic field is predominant. However, remanent magnetization is commonly dominant in igneous rocks (Anderson et al. 2013) which can result in negative polarization andRead MoreDevelopment And History Of Australian English1631 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Development and History of Australian English The growth and domination the English Language has seen globally is not only unprecedented, but comes as no surprise; The spread of the English language and its culture over the world is a major event in human history(Algeo, 2005, pp.6). As the Lingua Franca of the developing world and a third of the world’s population speaking English (Crystal, 2006), its importance, appeal and prestige cannot be undermined. Maybe it is because of itsRead MoreThe Family And Classroom Education Effect On Students Learning Motivation Focus On My Own Life1230 Words   |  5 PagesFamilies plays an extremely important role in most aspects of person’s lives, and they give a directly impact on people s physical and mental development. It is naturally related to educators’ attention because parents as their children s first teachers, they gradual clearly recognize the fundamental and pilot role of family education. Students also spend lots of time in their classrooms, teachers and their classmates effect on learning environment and motivation. In this paper, I will analysis

Equality for All Essay - 745 Words

Equality for All Illegal, unconstitutional, disgusting and sinful are only a few words people use to describe what I consider a personal right. Gay marriage has been a topic of discussion in the United States for the past couple years. Lately the subject has increased along with the arguments from both sides of the spectrum. I am a gay male and look forward to finding the man of my dreams and marrying him some day but this can only happen if the minds of certain individuals change along with the laws prohibiting it. Gay marriage should be legal throughout the country; it does not hurt anyone and can be beneficial for many. Some individuals label gay marriage as weakening the definition and respect of the institution of marriage.†¦show more content†¦Gay marriage would also help out local communities in multiple ways. Same sex couples cannot naturally reproduce and adoption numbers would increase. According to a study done by UCLA school of Law and the Urban Institute, â€Å"Same-sex couples and homosexual singles applying for adoption tend to be older, better educated, and have more economic resources than their heterosexual counterparts† (Wagner 7). This would help in many different areas including: fewer children in foster care and orphanages which means less government money being past to that direction, couples sending their adopted children to local schools which would increase local school funding, and these children growing up in loving families and getting the education they need to assist in the economic areas of the country. There are benefits to the same sex couple that come with marriage also. These include: joint ownership of possessions shared between the couple, medical decision-making in tough situations, insurance coverage for one’s partner and most of all love is love we should be able to love who we want and marry them. So why can we not agree that this would be a great move for the United States to legalize gay marriage? The q uestion is still being asked to many people. Slowly but surely we are getting closer to equal rights for everyone, but weShow MoreRelatedTrue Feminism : Equality For All1497 Words   |  6 PagesTrue Feminism: Equality for All Throughout history, feminism has proven to be a powerful movement with a simple goal in mind: equal rights for women. Since the earliest forms of feminism in the eighteenth century, women have overcome seemingly insurmountable odds and made leaps and bounds in the direction of that goal. Today, women are in a better position than they ever have been in American history, or the history of the world, but the goal has still not yet been met. Freedom fighters advocatingRead MoreFeminism And The Equality Of All Sexes1401 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminism truly is, how it fit into gender equality, some good examples of feminism, and what feminism is still working for. I was hoping to learn all this in order to be able to show and tell people what feminism is, and to help get rid of any misunderstandings towards feminism. I also wanted to make sure I had my facts right about what I am often arguing for. What I basically learned is that unlike popular belief, feminism is actually the belief in the equality of all sexes. This includes equal opportunitiesRead MoreA Ti me Of Equality For All And Protests2736 Words   |  11 PagesIt is the early 1970’s; a time of equality for all and protests in the streets against the Vietnam War. Disco fever was taking America by storm as was long hair, clogs, and bell bottom pants. It was also a time when America was still trying to hold onto traditional family values and traditional roles played by each member of the family. F. Scott Fitzgerald probably best describes and sums up our family in the following quote: â€Å"Family quarrels are bitter things. They don’t go according to any rulesRead MoreA Time Of Equality For All And Protests1763 Words   |  8 PagesPersonal Essay It is the early 1970’s; a time of equality for all and protests in the streets against the Vietnam War. Disco fever was taking America by storm as was long hair, clogs, and bell bottom pants. It was also a time when America was still trying to hold onto traditional family values and traditional roles played by each member of the family. F. Scott Fitzgerald probably best describes and sums up our family in the following quote: â€Å"Family quarrels are bitter things. They don’t go accordingRead MoreAn American Ideal Of Equality Is Not An America At All.1501 Words   |  7 Pages An America without equality is not an America at all. The common American citizen would say that the definition of equality is; Equal rights among all people. Equality is also defined as the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability. A historical example that demonstrates the American ideal of equality is the court case Plessy Vs. Ferguson (18 96). Plessy was arrested for riding in a white-only seat for being an African-American citizen riding inRead MoreEssay on Equality and Justice for All in Canada1322 Words   |  6 Pages Today, Canada is known around the world as a cultural mosaic. As a nation it welcomes people of both sexes with all different beliefs, cultures, and religions. Creating a mature nation would require promoting equality of opportunity to all and giving help to those who were disadvantaged. However, Canada has not always been a welcoming and mature nation. In the past, women were not allowed to vote alongside men or run for political positions, due to the fact that they were not considered â€Å"persons†Read MoreGender Equality For All Of Her Life1040 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst lady, passionate advocate for gender equality for all of her life, recognizes the importance of child care, equal pay, and paid leave as an economic concern as well as a women s rights issue, has fought for equity among members of all socio-economic classes, has worked to implement more far-reaching gun regulations, plans on raising taxes on the wealthy, has released concrete plans for immigration reform, a strong advocate for equality among members of all sexual orientations, has released comprehensiveRead MoreAffirmative Action: Equality for All? Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesAffirmative Action: Equality for All? Affirmative action in the United States has become a misused and misguided practice in modern times. In the current form of affirmative action, it is impossible to create a truly equal society. It was originally used as an equal opportunity measure to allow qualified minorities into positions they were denied because of race. However, affirmative action has become a system of racial quotas that lowers standards for minority applicants in order to give themRead MoreEquality for All: Gay Marriage Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesorientation the right to wed, but I hope to be a part in gaining that benefit for those that have been previously denied it. Also in the process of researching, I hoped to gain an understanding of whether or not the arguments of those who oppose equality can disconfirm the reasons to allow gay couples to get married. The controversy over gay rights is quite complex with many discrepancies between both sides. Gay rights have been in discussion since the beginning of time, but have recently becomeRead MoreEquality for All: Legal Rights for Homosexuals528 Words   |  2 Pagesabiding every law that is stated in the Holy book. For example, the Leviticus Laws, which are pretty idiotic. â€Å"Do not lie or deceive others†. (insert citation here) This at its very fabric opens up a huge ripple in the Christian world. Haven’t we all lied about something? Or get tattoos, or cut our hair? So these so called â€Å"strict Christians† are not really so strict. Biblically it does not say anything about two homosexuals being married Everyone does not abide by the same god. Why should

4 Paragraph Essay on Woodrow Wilson free essay sample

In the year 1916 Wilson was re-elected and began his second term smoothly. On April 6th 1917 Wilson broke his promise and the U. S entered WW1 declaring war on Germany for sinking a U. S merchant ship killing 128 Americans. This was a very disturbing and disrespectful act towards the U. S. Woodrow Wilson promised the people of America that he would keep peoples sons out of war and that they would always be safe. He said that the U. S would remain neutral through all war related events throughout the time of his presidency. On April 6th 1917 the U. S entered war and was on the side of the allies Great Britain, France and Russia. The U. S entered the war on French territory with more than 2 million soldiers fighting on the battlefield. All soldiers were under the command of Major General John J. Pershing. More than 6 million people died in this war and more than 2 million innocent citizens died outside of the war. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Paragraph Essay on Woodrow Wilson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was a very horrible time period for most of the world. When the U. S was still neutral peoples households were more complete with their son’s home. People were relieved to see their sons coming home every day with no worries. People knew that their son would come home safe and not come home badly wounded, traumatized or not even return at all. They also wouldn’t have to worry about losing their homes during a raid or big explosion. But when the U. S got into WW1 all of this changed dramatically. People got letters sent home about a death of a family member, people lost their home to both enemy and friendly soldiers, some lost their main income port to pay bills and get important needed household items. People also had to change their way of living so that the fighting soldiers could survive off of what they needed such as clothes food and other resources such as metal, rubber and glass. To help support this act Wilson established a new recycling system and conserved resources. Some of the things that were established are Meatless Mondays and Heatless Wednesdays. There were also days people couldn’t drive and could only purchase a certain amount of gas. Some people did not enjoy this very much. Wilson was an effective leader because he focused on diplomacy and financial considerations, leaving the waging of the war primarily in the hands of the military establishment. On the home front, he began the first effective draft in 1917, raised billions in war funding through Liberty Bonds, imposed an income tax, enacted the first federal drug prohibition, set up the War Industries Board, promoted labor union growth, supervised agriculture and food production through the Lever Act, took over control of the railroads, and suppressed anti-war movements. Wilson also had another effective event. National womens suffrage was achieved under Wilsons presidency, but this egalitarian success was offset by the Wilson administrations segregation of the federal government. This led to Wilson being one of the most known effective leaders in history.

Cultural Influences on Services for Hospitality- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCultural Influences on Services for Hospitality Industry. Answer: The tourism and hospitality industry depends on the perceptions of the tourist. Only the positive perceptions can add success for the tourism and hospitality industry. These perceptions of people depend heavily on the services that the hotel provides to them. Right from the services provided by the hotel-staffs, sales people, and flight attendants to waitress, each of the service providers decides the gross perceptions of their service quality. No matter how excellent the accommodation, places of attractions, transportation and other activities are; the tourist will only attract to them if the service quality provided to them is up to their expectations. Poor services will make tourists feel that they are unwelcome. Tourists perceptions are subjective and they depend upon their own cultural profile and standards. These cultural standards and profile define high quality services. The cultural needs and expectations of the tourists are when met, the service quality of the hotel is perceived as good by them, but they do not, the service quality is perceived as poor. Their national culture influences their expectations from the services and what is perceived to be a proper guest treatment (Reisinger, 2014). The services that are considered as good quality service in U.S, which is of individualistic culture; may not be considered the same in China or Japan as there they have collectivistic culture, which is different from the former. For example, in China they believe that occupying every moment of the tourists time demonstrates courtesy and therefore, they usually ignores the expectations of their guests and escorts them everywhere. They provide their guests with high itinerary and they do not allow their guests to enjoy on their own. On the other hand, the Western tourists are likely to consider such attributes as an intrusion of their privacy. They perceive such service of China as uncomfortable and frustrating. Similarly, the Western culture of not foreseeing the needs of the guests in advance and providing leisure time to them to do things ac cording to their own wishes might be negatively perceived by the Japanese tourists and this may influence their overall satisfaction level with the Western hospitality. Hence, the cultural differences in tourists expectations have the potential to develop negative perceptions. Furthermore, the perceptions and expectation of the service quality also depends on the cultural distance between the customers and the providers. The closer the culture of the tourist concerning experiencing cross cultural encounter, the more critical are the tourists concerning perceiving service quality. Also, the more away the guests are from encountering the cross-cultural, the more tolerant and less demanding they will be regarding the service quality. It is also to be noted that the cultural differences is important for only few particular dimensions of service quality. The tourists are less critical and more tolerant of experiences that involve authentic products or services. They are more critical concerning the services that are with shared values like shopping, transportation services etc. Increase in travel exposure leads to converging as well as universal service quality demands, especially concerning technical quality dimension. Transportation facilities (both to and from the destination), convenience of travel, customer orientation are important to every tourists because of globally shared values. Cultural differences is influencing the perception and evaluation of service quality standard as waiting times, added service elements as well as the alternative of transportation. Hence, it can be said that cultural differences plays a vital role in the process of influencing the guests perception and the evaluation of the criteria for service quality. References: Reisinger, Y. (2014).International tourism: culture and Behavior(2nd ed.). Milton park,Abingdon,oxon,uk: Routledge.

Slavery free essay sample

In a recent study, Nun (2008) examines the long-term impacts of Africans slave trade. He finds that the slave trade, which occurred over a period of more than 400 years, had a significant negative effect on long-term economic development. Although the paper arguably identifies a negative causal relationship between the slave trade and income today, the analysis is unable to pin down the exact causal mechanisms underlying the reduced form relationship documented in the paper. In this paper, we examine one of the channels through which the slave trade may affect economic development today. Ins fine-grained individual-level survey data, we test whether the slave trade caused a culture of mistrust to develop within Africa. Early in the slave trade, slaves were primarily captured through State organized raids and warfare. By the end of the trade, because of the environment of ubiquitous insecurity that had developed, individuals even friends and family members began to turn on one another, kidnapping, tricking, and selling each other into slavery (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page G. , Koehler, 1854, Hair, 1965, Pit, 1996).We hypothesize that in this environment, where everyone had to constantly be on guard against Ewing sold or tricked into slavery by those around them, a culture of mistrust may have evolved, and that this mistrust may continue to persist today. Our hypothesis builds on the well-established result from cultural anthropology that in environments where information acquisition is either costly or imperfect, the use of heuristic decision making strategies or rules- of-thumb can be an optimal strategy (Boyd and Richardson, 1 985, 1995).These general rules or beliefs about what the right action is in different situations saves the individual from the costs of information acquisition. Of course, these norms or rules-of-thumb do not develop in a vacuum, but evolve according to which norms yield the highest payoff. Our view is that in areas more exposed to the slave trade, rules-of-thumb or beliefs based on the mistrust of others would have been more beneficial relative to norms of trust and therefore would have become more prevalent over time.In other words, our hypothesis is that the slave trade would have engendered a culture of mistrust. Because these beliefs and norms persist, particularly in environments where they remain optimal, the relationship between these arms and a history of the slave trade may still exist in the data today almost 1 00 years after the slave trade has ended. Alternatively, the culture of mistrust that was a consequence of the slave trade may be an outcome that is stable. In other words, the slave trade may have caused a permanent change in the level 1 of mistrust in the society.Recent contributions, like Tableland (2008) and Guise, Sap ience, and Singles (coco), provide models that show how this can occur. To test our hypothesis, we use data from the 2005 round of the Barometers survey and examine whether individuals belonging to an ethnic group that was heavily targeted in the past are less trusting of others today. Because of the richness of the Barometers survey, we are able to test for the effect of the slave trade on the amount of trust that each respondent places in different individuals.Specifically, we examine the effects of the slave trade on individuals trust in (I) their relatives, (ii) their neighbors, and (iii) their local government council. We find that individuals, belonging to ethnicities that were exposed to the slave trades, today exhibit lower levels of rust in their relatives, neighbors, and their local government. This finding is consistent with the historical fact that by the end of the slave trade, it had become very common for individuals to be sold into slavery by neighbors, friends, and family members.An alternative explanation for our finding is that more s laves were supplied by ethnic groups that initially had lower levels of trust of those around them, and that these lower levels of trust continue to persist today. We pursue a number of strategies to identify the direction of causality in our OILS estimates. One strategy we pursue is to use the historic distance from the coast Of an ethnic group as an instrument for the number Of slaves taken from that ethnic group. There is ample historical evidence suggesting that the instrument is relevant, but it is far less clear that it satisfies the necessary exclusion restriction.The most likely reason why the exclusion restriction may fail is that the historic distance from the coast of an individuals ancestors is correlated with the current distance from the coast of the respondent, and his in turn is negatively correlated with income (Rapport and Cash, 2003), which is positively correlated with trust (Lasing and La Ferreira, 2002). 1 For this reason, in our IV estimates, where we use the historic distance from the coast of a respondents ancestors as an instrument, we also control for the respondents current distance from the coast.The IV estimation produces estimates very similar to the OILS estimates. They provide evidence that the slave tra de caused the descendants of those targeted by the trade to be less trusting today. As is generally the case with instruments, it is possible that despite our second stage controls, our instrument still does not satisfy the necessary exclusion restriction. For this reason, we also perform a number of falsification exercises to assess the validity of our identification strategy.We 1 Note that this actually results in IV estimates that are biased towards zero. 2 examine the reduced form relationship between distance from the coast and trust within Africa and in two samples outside of Africa using data from Theodore Values Surveys and the Spectrometer. Within Africa, we find a throng positive relationship between distance from the coast and trust. This is expected given our IV estimates. Places further from the coast had less slaves taken in the past, and therefore exhibit higher levels of trust today.Our IV strategy relies on the assumption that the distance from the coast only affects trust through the slave trade. Therefore, if our exclusion restriction is satisfied, then when we examine the reduced form relationship between distance from the coast and trust outside of Africa where there was no slave trade, we expect to see no relationship. This is exactly what we find, In our samples outside of Africa, we estimate a statistically insignificant relationship between distance from the coast and trust.We also perform a similar exercise looking within Africa. We find that within the regions of Africa that were not exposed to the slave trade, no relationship exists between an individuals distance from the coast and trust today. We also find that the relationship increases the more exposed a region was to the slave trade. After establishing that the slave trade had an adverse effect on trust, we then urn to the task of distinguishing between the two most likely channels through which this could have occurred.One channel, which is the focus of our paper, is that the slave trade altered the cultural norms of the ethnic groups exposed to the trade, making them inherently less trusting. However, there is also a second channel, which a priori is as plausible and as important. The slave trade resulted in a longer deterioration of legal and political institutions, and such weak institutions enable citizens to cheat others more easily and, for this reason, individuals are less trusting of those around them.We undertake two exercises that attempt to identify the relative importance of these two channels. First, we look more closely at the determinants of respondents trust in their local government. We examine how the estimated effect of the slave trade changes when we control for a number of measures of individuals perceptions about the quality of their local government. By doing this, we attempt to control for differences in the external environment of each respondent and more closely isolate the beliefs and values internal to the individual.

A Sample of Essay on Collaborative Software

A Sample of Essay on Collaborative SoftwareIf you've been struggling to come up with a creative idea for your creative writing assignment or you're the kind of person who is quite comfortable typing a lot of words and coming up with some really great ideas but doesn't want to write, you may need to check out a sample of the essay on collaborative software. This type of writing assignment is basically used for students who are trying to get their stories published as well as to improve their writing skills. If you find that you're struggling to come up with a great idea, take a look at this sample of the essay.Do you find it difficult to come up with great ideas for essays? If so, maybe it's time to take a look at a sample of the essay on collaborative software. This software has a team of editors who work together and help writers think of some great ideas for essay topics. The team includes a moderator who can provide guidance and critiques for each and every piece of material.A gre at way to take advantage of this software is to check out a sample of the essay on collaborative software and see if this is the approach that you'd like to take. You may also want to visit the website of the individual writing assignment editor in order to get a good feel for the editor's work and see if they would be willing to work with you on a project.One thing to keep in mind when choosing a freelance writer for your collaborative writing assignment is that most editors will not accept any writing that does not meet certain standards. If you aren't sure what those standards are, you may want to contact a freelance writer before beginning the collaborative writing assignment. Some writers may want to give you more detailed guidelines about what the writing assignment will entail and the expectations they have for their writers, especially when it comes to editing.Try to ensure that you keep a good relationship with the editor you select. It's not a bad idea to ask the editor if they would be willing to get together and chat. Check in with the editor often and try to make sure that you follow up on them frequently. You want to make sure that your editor will be helpful and will continue to work with you on your collaborative writing assignment.Make sure that you get together with your writer, send them an initial draft, and ask for feedback. Give them a detailed outline that you plan to follow and ask for a detailed outline. Tell them how you plan to handle the collaboration and if you have anything specific that you want to include in your collaborative writing assignment.If you don't like the collaborative writing assignment you were assigned, make sure that you let the editor know that you don't want to work with them. At that point, you should move on to someone else.